Następstwo czasów w mowie zależnej - ćwiczenia

Mowa zależna w języku angielskim (reported speech), to sposób podania czyjejś wypowiedzi w bezpośredni sposób, bez cytowania. W praktyce oznacza to, że zdanie powinno być spójne w swojej formie, a to pociąga za sobą właściwe następstwo czasów gramatycznych. Zrozumienie i właściwe stosowanie następstwa czasów w mowie zależnej jest w tym kontekście kluczowym elementem. Dzięki temu zachowujemy wierność intencji pierwotnego mówcy. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiamy serię ćwiczeń, które pomogą zrozumieć i prawidłowo stosować następstwo czasów w różnych kontekstach mowy zależnej.

Następstwo czasów w mowie zależnej ćwiczenia pdf

Przy tworzeniu mowy zależnej zmieniają się czasowniki, zaimki i czas. Oto przykład zdania przekształconego na mowę zależną:

Direct speech: She said, 'I like this idea'.

Reported speech: She said that she liked that idea.

Czasownik w mowie zależnej zazwyczaj zmienia się z czasu teraźniejszego na czas przeszły. Następuje niejako przesunięcie (następstwo) czasu gramatycznego.

Jak to wygląda w poszczególnych czasach?

Present Simple na Past Simple

"I always drink coffee" → He said that he always drank coffee.

Present Continuous na Past Continuous

"I am walking to school" → She said that she was walking to school.

Present Perfect na Past Perfect

"I have finished my work" → He said that he had finished his work.

Past Simple na Past Perfect

"I went to the cinema" → She said that she had gone to the cinema.

Will (Future Simple) na Would

"I will go to the supermarket" → He said that he would go to the supermarket.

Can na Could

"I can swim" → She said that she could swim.

May na Might

"I may visit France" → He said that he might visit France.

Present Perfect Continuous na Past Perfect Continuous

"I have been reading a book" → She said that she had been reading a book.

Future Continuous na Conditional Continuous (would be + verb-ing)

"I will be waiting for you" → He said that he would be waiting for her.

Must i have to często pozostają bez zmian, ale mogą zmienić się na had to w kontekście przeszłym

"I must go now" / "I have to go now" → She said that she had to go then.

Następstwo czasów w mowie zależnej angielski

Następstwo czasów to jedno. Również, przy przekształcaniu zdań z mowy bezpośredniej na mowę zależną zmieniamy określniki czasu i miejsca:

today → that day

tomorrow → the next/following day

yesterday → the day before

next week/month/year → the following week/month/year

last week/month/year → the week/month/year before

now → then

ago → before

here → there

this (week, month, year) → that (week, month, year)

these → those

tonight → that night

next (Friday, etc.) → the following (Friday, etc.)

last (Friday, etc.) → the previous (Friday, etc.)

Następstwo czasów w mowie zależnej ćwiczenia pdf

Jeżeli potrzebne Ci są ćwiczenia z następstwa czasów w mowie zależnej, to jesteś we właściwym miejscu. Nasz zestaw “Ćwiczenia - następstwo czasów w mowie zależnej pdf” to doskonała pomoc w samodzielnej nauce. Pobierz je, wydrukuj i rozwiąż, a następnie sprawdź odpowiedzi w załączonym kluczu. Zanim to zrobisz, odśwież teorię. Wejdź na www.speak-up.pl/gramatyka/ i usystematyzuj swoją wiedzę na ten temat.

Ćwiczenie 1

Zamień zdania z Present Simple na Past Simple

1. She says, "I visit my grandparents every Sunday”.
2. They say, "He plays football on Fridays”.
3. He says, "We watch a movie every weekend”.
4. We say, "She studies English every day”.
5. She says, "They go to the gym regularly”.
6. He says, "I drink coffee every morning”.
7. They say, "She reads a lot of books”.
8. She says, "We travel every summer”.
9. We say, "He cooks dinner every night”.
10. He says, "They learn something new every day”.

Ćwiczenie 2

Zamień zdania z Past Simple na Past Perfect

1. Anna says, "I visited Paris last year".
2. The team says, "He finished the project yesterday".
3. John says, "We watched a great movie last night".
4. The students say, "She studied in London for a year".
5. Maria says, "They went to the concert last weekend".
6. Alex says, "I bought a new car".
7. The chefs say, "She cooked a delicious meal".
8. The family says, "We travelled to Japan".
9. The writer says, "He wrote a letter to his friend".
10. The beginners say, "They learned to ski".

Ćwiczenie 3

Zamień zdania zgodnie z następstwem czasu:

1. "I am meeting John tomorrow", she says.
2. "We went to the beach last Sunday", he says.
3. "I will finish the project by next week", she says.
4. "They have been living in Paris since 2010", he says.
5. "I saw a great movie yesterday", she says.
6. "We are going to start a new course next month", he says.
7. "She was watching TV when I called her", he says.
8. "I can help you with your homework", she says.
9. "They will have completed the construction by the end of this year", he says.
10. "I had finished my dinner when he arrived", she says.
11. "We used to play together when we were children", he says.
12. "She has just finished writing her book", he says.
13. "I was planning to visit you next Friday", she says.
14. "They were eating dinner when the power went out", he says.
15. "I have known him for over five years", she says.

Klucz do ćwiczeń

Ćwiczenie 1

1. She said that she visited her grandparents every Sunday.
2. They said that he played football on Fridays.
3. He said that they watched a movie every weekend.
4. We said that she studied English every day.
5. She said that they went to the gym regularly.
6. He said that he drank coffee every morning.
7. They said that she read a lot of books.
8. She said that they travelled every summer.
9. We said that he cooked dinner every night.
10. He said that they learned something new every day.

Ćwiczenie 2

1. Anna says that she visited Paris the previous year.
2. The team says that he had finished the project the day before.
3. John says that they had watched a great movie the night before.
4. The students say that she had studied in London for a year.
5. Maria says that they had gone to the concert the previous weekend.
6. Alex says that he had bought a new car.
7. The chefs say that she had cooked a delicious meal.
8. The family says that they had travelled to Japan.
9. The writer says that he had written a letter to his friend.
10. The beginners say that they had learned to ski.

Ćwiczenie 3

1. She says that she is meeting John the following day.
2. He says that they went to the beach the previous Sunday.
3. She says that she will finish the project by the following week.
4. He says that they have been living in Paris since 2010.
5. She says that she saw a great movie the day before.
6. He says that they are going to start a new course the following month.
7. He says that she was watching TV when he called her.
8. She says that she can help you with your homework.
9. He says that they will have completed the construction by the end of that year.
10. She says that she had finished her dinner when he arrived.
11. He says that they used to play together when they were children.
12. He says that she has just finished writing her book.
13. She says that she was planning to visit you the following Friday.
14. He says that they were eating dinner when the power went out.
15. She says that she has known him for over five years.